The historic period in Iraq truly starts during the Uruk period (4000 BC to 3100 BC), with the founding of a variety of Sumerian cities, and using Pictographs, Cylinder seals and mass-produced items.
The "Cradle of Civilization", is therefore an usual term for the area making up modern Iraq as it was residence to the earliest known civilization, the Sumerian people, which occurred in the abundant Tigris-Euphrates stream valley of southerly Iraq in the Chalcolithic (Ubaid period).
It was right here in the late 4th millennium BC, that the world's very first creating system and tape-recorded past itself were born. The Sumerians were also the first to harness The Wheel and develop City States, and whose writings record the initial evidence of Mathematics, Astronomy, Astrology, Written Law, Medicine and Organised religion.
The Sumerians talked a Language Isolate, in other words, a language entirely unconnected to other, including the Semitic Languages, Indo-European Languages, Afro-Asiatic Languages or any kind of various other Isolates. The major city states of the very early Sumerian period were; Eridu, Bad-tibira, Larsa, Sippar, Shuruppak, Uruk, Kish, Ur, Nippur, Lagash, Girsu, Umma, Hamazi, Adab, Mari, Isin, Larsa, Kutha, Der and Akshak.
Cities such as Ashur, Arbela (modern Irbil) and Arrapkha (modern Kirkuk) were likewise extant in what was to be called Assyria from the 25th century BC, however at this very early stage they were Sumerian ruled management facilities.
Success stele of Naram-Sin of Akkad
In the 26th century BC, Eannatum of Lagash created just what was perhaps the first Empire in history, though this needed lived. Later, Lugal-Zage-Si, the priest-king of Umma, overthrew the primacy of the Lagash dynasty in the area, then overcame Uruk, making it his funding, and claimed a realm extending from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean. It was during this period that the Epic of Gilgamesh originates, that includes the story of The Great Flood.
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