Somalia, formally the Federal Republic of Somalia (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, Arabic, is a nation situated in the Horn of Africa. Somalia has the longest coastline on the continent's landmass, and its landscapes is composed generally of plains, highlands and plateaus.
Somalia has a population of around 10 million. The main languages of Somalia are Somali and Arabic, both of which belong to the Afro-Asiatic family.
In classical times, Somalia was an essential business centre, and is amongst one of the most likely locations of the fabled old Land of Punt. During the Middle Ages, a number of powerful Somali realms dominated the local trade, consisting of the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Warsangali Sultanate, and the Geledi Sultanate. In the late 19th century, via a succession of treaties with these kingdoms, the British and Italians gained command of components of the coastline and established the colonies of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland.
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